* Purines
* Pyrimidines
* Sugars
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symbols shapes are made by joing a hexagon
[six membered ring] with a pentagon
[five membered ring]
A = adenine G
= guanine
note: the symbols are upper case for the
purines
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symbol shapes are a hexagon
[six membered ring]
c = cytosine t = thymine
note: the symbols are lower case for the
pyrimidines
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Information: Phosphate
- a group of 5 atoms
- one phosphorous atom
- four oxygen atoms
- formula
- PO4 (subscripted)
- combines with a 5-Carbon sugar
- forms the side chains of a helix
- symobl usually a " X " or " + "
- two types
- Adenine [red]
- Guanine [greem]
- comprised of two carbon rings
- six membered
- five membered
- nitrogen replaces some of carbon atoms in the rings
- two types
- cytosine [blue]
- thymine [yellow]
- formed by one carbon ring
- nitrogen replaces some of the carbon atoms
- formed by a five membered carbon ring
- chemical name is ribose
- in DNA the ribose is missing an oxygen atom at the 2 position-called deoxyribose